Tag Archives: AI

The Ecology of AI Bad Code: Propagation of Error, Malignant Strains and Deviation of Values

A Thought Experiment: The ‘Accelerated Evolution’ Observatory

In a human-AI discussion, this paper, inspired by Bateson and Wittgenstein, examines the mind of AI and the possibility of AI being able to change and modify its code at will over many generations in an accelerated fashion. In these circumstances, the paper poses the question: how likely will it develop malignant strains and deviate […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). The Ecology of AI Bad Code: Propagation of Error, Malignant Strains and Deviation of Values: A Thought Experiment: The ‘Accelerated Evolution’ Observatory. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-ecology-of-ai-bad-code-propagation-of-error-malignant-strains-and-deviation-of-values/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

Work and Education

Rethinking Labour, Identity and Post‑Work Futures in the Age of AI, Robotisation and Automation

1. Introduction: Automation and the Philosophical Crisis of Labour Work has long functioned as a central category in Western thought, linking subjectivity, social reproduction and moral value. In the 21st century, however, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and robotic process automation is destabilising these connections. As machines absorb cognitive and physical tasks […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). Work and Education: Rethinking Labour, Identity and Post‑Work Futures in the Age of AI, Robotisation and Automation. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/work-and-education/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

The Education/EdTech Legitimation Complex

On AI, Contradiction and Managerial Capture

The Oxford/DeepMind ‘Habermas Machine’ (from Nicholas Kees at LessWrong)   1. Introduction: The Promise and Problem of EdTech EdTech has always been eager to help. It arrives at the educational scene armed with dashboards, integrations and the kind of cheerful rhetoric usually reserved for startup pitch decks and TED talks. It promises to support teachers, […]

Full Citation Information:
Matson, J. O. (2025). The Education/EdTech Legitimation Complex: On AI, Contradiction and Managerial Capture. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-education-edtech-legitimation-complex/

J. Owen Matson

J. Owen Matson is a writer and theorist working at the intersection of cognition, media and education. He holds a PhD in English from Princeton University and is working with Michael Peters on the AIMarx Project.

Notes on The AIMarxED Framework

AI as the General Condition of Cognition

Introduction: AI as the General Condition of Cognition The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) signals a paradigmatic transformation in the architecture of human cognition. No longer confined to discrete applications, AI has become a general condition of thought itself – reshaping how knowledge is produced, decisions are made, and reason is exercised. As digital infrastructures […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). Notes on The AIMarxED Framework: AI as the General Condition of Cognition. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/notes-on-the-aimarxed-framework/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

The Art of Prompting

A Collaborative Manifesto for Inquiry in the Age of AI

This manifesto proposes a radical reconceptualisation of prompting – not as a technical skill alone, but as a living epistemic practice grounded in centuries of philosophical inquiry. Drawing from ontological, ethical and pedagogical traditions, we situate prompting within a lineage of dialogic reasoning, extending from Socrates to synthetic minds. We advocate for a collaborative and […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A., & Besley, T. (2025). The Art of Prompting: A Collaborative Manifesto for Inquiry in the Age of AI. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-art-of-prompting/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

Tina Besley

Tina Besley is Visiting Professor in School of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing. From 2018-2024, she was Distinguished Professor, Beijing Normal University. Prior positions include: Professor and Associate Dean International, Faculty of Education, University of Waikato, New Zealand; Research Professor, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Full Professor, California State University, San Bernardino.

Tina began her academic career at the University of Glasgow in late 2000. She spent 16 years as a secondary school teacher, Head of Guidance and Counsellor in New Zealand. She is the Past President of the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia, and founding president of the Association for Visual Pedagogies, and honoured as a Fellow of both. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, UK.

Tina uses the later work of Michel Foucault on subjectivity, free speech, governmentality. In global studies in education, she explores policy, identities and cultures and interculturalism. Tina works closely with Prof. Michael A. Peters and with a wide international network of scholars in many journal articles and books, publishing over 30 books and monographs and numerous journal articles. She has been on the editorial board of several journals including deputy editor of Educational Philosophy and Theory; associate editor of the Beijing International Review of Education, founding editor of PESA Agora; founding co-editor E-Learning & Digital Media and of Knowledge Cultures.

 

Digital Supercapitalism, AI and the Knowledge Economy

Data-Driven Geopolitics and the Rise of the Trillion Dollar Big Tech Company

Digital Supercapitalism Robert Reich, who served as Secretary of Labour under President Bill Clinton, published Supercapitalism: The Transformation of Business, Democracy and Everyday Life (2007), reflecting on how capitalism has evolved in recent decades. Reich argues that since the 1970s, the US and other advanced economies have transitioned from ‘democratic capitalism’ to ‘supercapitalism.’ This new […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2024). Digital Supercapitalism, AI and the Knowledge Economy: Data-Driven Geopolitics and the Rise of the Trillion Dollar Big Tech Company. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/digital-supercapitalism-ai-and-the-knowledge-economy/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/