Tag Archives: Marx

Work and Education

Rethinking Labour, Identity and Post‑Work Futures in the Age of AI, Robotisation and Automation

1. Introduction: Automation and the Philosophical Crisis of Labour Work has long functioned as a central category in Western thought, linking subjectivity, social reproduction and moral value. In the 21st century, however, the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and robotic process automation is destabilising these connections. As machines absorb cognitive and physical tasks […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). Work and Education: Rethinking Labour, Identity and Post‑Work Futures in the Age of AI, Robotisation and Automation. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/work-and-education/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

Toward an Epistemic AI Literacy

Introduction There is a phrase I often encounter in conversations about AI and creative labour: Only good writers get AI to write well. It’s meant to reassure – to affirm that human expertise still matters, that machine fluency alone doesn’t suffice. But I’ve begun to worry that the phrase misreads the dynamic. It casts the […]

Full Citation Information:
Matson, J. O. (2025). Toward an Epistemic AI Literacy. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/toward-an-epistemic-ai-literacy/

J. Owen Matson

J. Owen Matson is a writer and theorist working at the intersection of cognition, media and education. He holds a PhD in English from Princeton University and is working with Michael Peters on the AIMarx Project.

Notes on The AIMarxED Framework

AI as the General Condition of Cognition

Introduction: AI as the General Condition of Cognition The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) signals a paradigmatic transformation in the architecture of human cognition. No longer confined to discrete applications, AI has become a general condition of thought itself – reshaping how knowledge is produced, decisions are made, and reason is exercised. As digital infrastructures […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). Notes on The AIMarxED Framework: AI as the General Condition of Cognition. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/notes-on-the-aimarxed-framework/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

The Art of Prompting

A Collaborative Manifesto for Inquiry in the Age of AI

This manifesto proposes a radical reconceptualisation of prompting – not as a technical skill alone, but as a living epistemic practice grounded in centuries of philosophical inquiry. Drawing from ontological, ethical and pedagogical traditions, we situate prompting within a lineage of dialogic reasoning, extending from Socrates to synthetic minds. We advocate for a collaborative and […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A., & Besley, T. (2025). The Art of Prompting: A Collaborative Manifesto for Inquiry in the Age of AI. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-art-of-prompting/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

Tina Besley

Tina Besley is Visiting Professor in School of Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing. From 2018-2024, she was Distinguished Professor, Beijing Normal University. Prior positions include: Professor and Associate Dean International, Faculty of Education, University of Waikato, New Zealand; Research Professor, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Full Professor, California State University, San Bernardino.

Tina began her academic career at the University of Glasgow in late 2000. She spent 16 years as a secondary school teacher, Head of Guidance and Counsellor in New Zealand. She is the Past President of the Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia, and founding president of the Association for Visual Pedagogies, and honoured as a Fellow of both. She is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts, UK.

Tina uses the later work of Michel Foucault on subjectivity, free speech, governmentality. In global studies in education, she explores policy, identities and cultures and interculturalism. Tina works closely with Prof. Michael A. Peters and with a wide international network of scholars in many journal articles and books, publishing over 30 books and monographs and numerous journal articles. She has been on the editorial board of several journals including deputy editor of Educational Philosophy and Theory; associate editor of the Beijing International Review of Education, founding editor of PESA Agora; founding co-editor E-Learning & Digital Media and of Knowledge Cultures.

 

‘Fragment on the Machines: Redux’

A Commentary by AI Marx

As part of a talk at the School of Marxism at Peking University entitled ‘Educating for Post-Capitalist AI: Marxism, Superintelligence and the Future of Learning,’ I developed the concept of AIMarx, intending to explain what AIMarx would say in the voice of a digitised Marx – a revolutionary AI, trained on the Grundrisse, Das Kapital […]

Full Citation Information:
Peters, M. A. (2025). ‘Fragment on the Machines: Redux’: A Commentary by AI Marx. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/fragment-on-the-machines-redux/

Michael A. Peters

Michael A. Peters (FRSNZ, FHSNZ, FPESA) is a globally recognised scholar whose interdisciplinary work spans philosophy of education, political economy and ecological civilisation. He holds the distinction of Emeritus Professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (U.S.A.), Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University (P.R. China), and Research Associate in the Philosophy Program at Waikato University (New Zealand).

Previously, he served as Distinguished Professor of Education at Beijing Normal University (2018–2024) and held prestigious appointments including Personal Chair at the University of Auckland (2000), Research Chair at the University of Glasgow (2000–2006), Excellence Hire Professor at the University of Illinois (2005–2011), and Professor of Education at the University of Waikato (2011–2018).

A prolific author, Professor Peters has written over 120 books and 500 articles, shaping discourse in educational theory, philosophy, and critical policy studies. He served as Editor-in-Chief of Educational Philosophy and Theory for 25 years and founded multiple international journals, cementing his role as a leader in academic publishing.

His contributions have been honoured with fellowships in the Royal Society of New Zealand (FRSNZ, 2008) and the Humanities Society of New Zealand (FHSNZ, 2006), alongside honorary doctorates from State University of New York (SUNY, 2012) and the University of Aalborg (2015).

His latest research explores post-apocalyptic philosophy and ecological futures, including the forthcoming Civilisational Collapse and the Philosophy of Post-Apocalyptic Survival (Peter Lang, 2025). He is currently editing the Handbook of Ecological Civilization (Springer, 2025), advancing critical dialogues on sustainability and global transformation.

For more on his work, visit: https://michaeladrianpeters.com/

The Land of Milk and Hate

Teetering on the Edge of the Capitalist Abyss

They say calling Trump what he is – a pedant authoritarian, a convicted criminal, an enabler of the worst and most dangerous elements of our body politic – constitutes a death threat, not a description. Sorry, MAGA, but if the jackboot fits, wear it: he is an authoritarian, a statist, a racist, an aspiring fascist, a hateful, mendacious, corrupt […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2024). The Land of Milk and Hate: Teetering on the Edge of the Capitalist Abyss. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-land-of-milk-and-hate/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

The Dialectics of Revolution

Resisting the Trumpocene

Revolution contains love

In the realm of philosophical discourse, dialectical philosophy stands apart from the individualistic rationality championed by the Enlightenment. Unlike the Enlightenment’s emphasis on solitary logical analysis, dialectics asserts that entities can only be comprehended in their relational context, resisting isolation as independently existing entities. This philosophical dichotomy is pivotal for the discourse at hand. To delve […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2024). The Dialectics of Revolution: Resisting the Trumpocene. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-dialectics-of-revolution/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Article Feature Image Acknowledgement: Guillermo Mollins https://www.flickr.com/photos/92494988@N08/8400830263/

The Torment of Capitalism

The Hidden and Not-So-Hidden Causes of the War in Ukraine

Napoleon Putin (image created using Craiyon AI) They shall beat their swords into ploughshares and their spears into pruning hooks; nations shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war anymore; but they shall all sit under their own vines and under their own fig trees, and no one shall make them […]

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

The War in Ukraine, Marxism, Education and the Decay in American Politics

Luis Huerta-Charles interviews Peter McLaren

Sergio Quiroz Miranda, Director of Instituto McLaren, and Peter McLaren in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, protesting the disappearance of forty-three male students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero. Peter McLaren is one of the educators who has worked on the development and consolidation of critical pedagogy […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P., & Huerta-Charles, L. (2023). The War in Ukraine, Marxism, Education and the Decay in American Politics: Luis Huerta-Charles interviews Peter McLaren. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-war-in-ukraine-marxism-education-and-the-decay-in-american-politics/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Luis Huerta-Charles

Luis Huerta-Charles is an associate professor of critical pedagogies and multicultural education in the School of Teacher Preparation, Administration and Leadership in the College of Health, Education and Social Transformation at New Mexico State University, in Las Cruces, on the edge of the Chihuahuan Desert.

Article Feature Image Acknowledgement: Sergio Quiroz Miranda, Director of Instituto McLaren, and Peter McLaren in San Cristóbal de Las Casas, Chiapas, protesting the disappearance of forty-three male students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers' College after being forcibly abducted in Iguala, Guerrero.

Amazing Grace

Jesus Meets Karl Marx in the Trenches of the Culture Wars

(Photo via Midwestern Marx) The purpose of this article is to outline very briefly some of the positions held by the Mexican theologian Jose Porfirio Miranda, regarding his provocative claims about Christianity and communism. I will concede at the outset that I have been persuaded by Miranda’s general thesis that the worst thing that could […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2023). Amazing Grace: Jesus Meets Karl Marx in the Trenches of the Culture Wars. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/amazing-grace/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Article Feature Image Acknowledgement: Photo via via Midwestern Marx (https://www.midwesternmarx.com/articles/christianity-marxism-and-the-death-of-reason-in-the-ancient-world-by-thomas-riggins)

The Cartoonification of the American Mind and the Return of the Red Scare

Why the Unwoke Needs to Woke UP

A childish pranksterism captivates politically tribalised adults who, more and more, are seeking out public venues in which to vent their rage. The younger ones have been adults for at least a decade, and, because of their arrested development or just generally unfulfilled life, they still can’t cope with the reality that their adult bodies […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2023). The Cartoonification of the American Mind and the Return of the Red Scare: Why the Unwoke Needs to Woke UP. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/the-cartoonification-of-the-american-mind-and-the-return-of-the-red-scare/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Marxism and Race and the Struggle Against Fascism

A raft of complications still haunts American liberal democracy resulting from the Trump administration’s disjunctive prioritisation of populist authoritarianism over social justice initiatives which has proven how swiftly the country can descend towards fascist rule. The general dislocation of contemporary governmental politics from the reality of poverty and the failure of capitalist democracy to address […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2023). Marxism and Race and the Struggle Against Fascism. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/marxism-and-race-and-the-struggle-against-fascism/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Ukraine and the Struggle to be Human

Ukranian-born Marxist humanist, Raya Dunayevskaya (1910–1987) Over the span of several weeks, I have published a number of articles on the war in Ukraine and with reference to Ukraine in several others dealing with structural racism, fascism and the American political scene. I have forcefully supported Ukraine’s defensive war against Russia’s fully-fledged mass-casualty invasion (it’s […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2022). Ukraine and the Struggle to be Human. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/ukraine-and-the-struggle-to-be-human/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Some Final Considerations Regarding the Invasion of Ukraine

Lessons from the Marxist Humanists

My own politics was forged in the crucible of 1968. I was 19 years old. It was the year I left my suburban home in Willowdale, Toronto, to join the hippies protesting the Vietnam War in the United States. I had grown tired of my classes on Chaucer, Beowulf, and Elizabethan drama at the University […]

Full Citation Information:
McLaren, P. (2022). Some Final Considerations Regarding the Invasion of Ukraine: Lessons from the Marxist Humanists. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/some-final-considerations-regarding-the-invasion-of-ukraine/

Peter McLaren

Peter McLaren is Emeritus Professor at the Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles. From 2013-2023 he served as Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies, Co-Director and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice, The Paulo Freire Democratic Project, Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, USA.

Encountering Education

Elements for a Marxist Pedagogy

This book is available open-access here. It is to be launched at a webinar on April 16: register here. It is common knowledge that Marx insisted philosophers should not just interpret the world but change it. Yet many forget, repress, or bypass (for various material and theoretical reasons) the direction toward which he wanted to change […]

Full Citation Information:
Ford, D. R. (2022). Encountering Education: Elements for a Marxist Pedagogy. PESA Agora. https://pesaagora.com/columns/encountering-education/

Derek R. Ford

Derek R. Ford is a teacher, organiser and educational theorist who serves as associate professor of education studies at DePauw University and as an instructor with The People’s Forum. Their work has appeared in a range of academic journals, including Critical Education and Cultural Studies, as well as popular outlets like Black Agenda Report, Monthly Review, Peace, Land and Bread and the International Magazine. They also hosted the popular podcast series Reading ‘Capital’ with Comrades.

They’ve published eight monographs on pedagogy and revolutionary struggles, the latest of which is Teaching the Actuality of Revolution: Aesthetics, Unlearning and the Sensations of Struggle (2023). Their organising and research on the pedagogy of anti-imperialism, anti-racism and internationalist struggles recently appeared in International Magazine and Black Agenda Report and featured on episodes of CovertAction Bulletin and Revolutionary Left Radio. They are the editor of Liberation School and a contributing editor at the Hampton Institute, as well as an organiser with the Indianapolis Liberation Center, ANSWER Coalition, the International Manifesto Group and others. You can reach them at derekford@depauw.edu

Recent works by Derek include: